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来源：彩神注册2023-10-15 17:48

中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

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沿海大省开启"抢人"模式破解用工荒须综合施策******

　　全力“拼经济”，离不开“保用工”。节后首个工作周，各地迎来了招工保产的窗口期，新一轮“抢人大战”提前启幕。

　　为鼓励外地务工人员尽早返岗，浙江某地连续数日向规定日期前返岗的务工人员派发总价1000万元的“五金券”。派发首日，就有来自湖南的务工人员田某领到价值59800元的“金券”，提走电动汽车一辆。

　　在广东深圳，当地政府明确提出：对2月5日前市外原在岗职工返岗达500人以上的企业(劳务派遣单位除外)，按照每人200元的标准发放一次性返岗交通补助，每家企业最高40万元。

　　据不完全统计，目前已有包括广东、浙江、江苏等在内的多个沿海大省开启了“抢人”模式，大手笔谋划跨省异地招工，多举措确保回乡人员及时返岗，全方位助力企业实现“开门红”。

　　节后“用工荒”“招工难”年年都有，今年似乎格外突出。这背后，既有因疫情政策调整优化带来的用工需求增加，也有人口负增长导致劳动力红利减弱的因素。国家统计局的数据显示，至2022年末，全国16岁至59岁劳动年龄人口约为87556万人，比2021年减少了666万人。

　　当然，随着沿海地区产业加快向内陆省份转移，中西部地区经济保持较快增长，更多就业岗位、更小收入差距让越来越多外出务工人员愿意留在“家门口”就业，特别是近年来乡村振兴战略的深入实施，一些有技能又有想法的返乡年轻人主动求变，或成为职业农民，或成为创业者，实现了从“雁南飞”到“金凤还巢”的转变。

　　客观上看，作为一种复杂经济现象的存在，“用工荒”“招工难”有其合理的一面，但也暴露出当前我国在人力供给与产业需求之间的结构性错配问题。事实上，“用工荒”“招工难”已不只是春节期间的短期现象，一些地方、部分行业常年都面临着招不到人的尴尬状况；“用工荒”“招工难”也并非沿海发达地区所特有，越来越多中西部地区也感受到了这一趋势的逼近。

　　以制造业为例，作为吸纳外来人员就业的主要行业之一，近年来遭遇了前所未有的严峻用工形势——产业工人空心化问题日趋突出，年轻人“宁愿送快递也不进工厂”，即便是招到了人也留不住人，居高不下的用工成本甚至已成了不少制造业企业转型升级的障碍。

　　破解当前“用工荒”“招工难”难题，需要合力构建起充分就业的长效机制。人社部门要搭建精准高效的用工供需对接平台，借助大数据等手段，为劳动力及用工企业做好对接服务，力促就业市场的动态平衡；用人单位要针对未来人口红利不断减弱的现实，未雨绸缪提早布局，特别是制造业企业，要进一步加快智能化数字化改造，逐步以机器替代传统人力，减少对人工劳动力的依赖；对于劳动者自身而言，要认清就业形势，树立正确就业观念，积极在自身上挖掘潜力。

　　从更长远看，破解“用工荒”“招工难”难题，需要努力做好城镇化这篇大文章。中国的城镇化是以人为核心的城镇化，从某种意义上说，“用工荒”“招工难”所折射出的，正是长期以来城镇化进程中农民工无法真正融入城镇生活的现实。如果社会保障不能兜底、基本公共服务均等化不能覆盖更多群体，那么广大进城务工人口的“后顾之忧”就无法真正解除，“用工荒”现象也难以彻底消除。换言之，对于中国这样庞大的经济系统而言，用好用足城镇化引擎，保持住就业连续性、稳定性，方能以较低成本实现经济社会的平稳运行。 (顾阳来源：经济日报）

　　（文图：赵筱尘巫邓炎）

[责编：天天中]

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